Time Based Traffic Policing and Shaping Algorithms on Campus Network Internet Traffic

This paper presents the development of algorithm on Policing and Shaping Traffic for bandwidth management which serves as Quality of Services (QoS) in a Campus network. The Campus network is connected with a 16 Mbps Virtual Private Network line to the internet Wide Area Network. Both inbound and outbound real internet traffic were captured and analyzed. Goodness of Fit (GoF) test with Anderson-darling (AD) was fitted to real traffic to identify the best distribution. The Best-fitted Cumulative Distribution Function (CDF) model was used to analyze and characterized the data and the parameters. Based on the identified parameters, a new Time Based Policing and Shaping algorithm have been developed and simulated. The policing process drops the burst traffic, while the shaping process delays traffic to the next time transmissions. Mathematical model to formulate the controlled algorithm on burst traffic with selected time has been derived. Inbound traffic threshold control burst was policed at 1200 MByte (MB) while outbound traffic threshold was policed at 680 MB in the algorithms. The algorithms were varied in relation to the identified Weibull parameters to reduce the burst. The analysis shows that the higher shape parameter value that relates to the lower burst of network throughput can be controlled. This research presented a new method for time based bandwidth management and an enhanced network performance by identifying new traffic parameters for traffic modeling in Campus network

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS AND MODELING OF INTERNET TRAFFIC IP- BASED NETWORK FOR TELE-TRAFFIC ENGINEERING

ABSTRACT This paper presents a statistical analysis and best fitted distribution model of internet traffic IP-based Network for tele-traffic engineering. One IP-based campus network architecture is studied which support of 16Mbps Committed Access Rate (CAR) speed line to Wide Area Network (WAN). Solarwinds network monitoring traffic toolbox is setup at the gateway router from inside campus network to the WAN in collecting real live throughput internet traffics. Daily throughput flows in Mbyte are collected in every ten minutes inter-arrival time. Statistical method on fitted Cumulative Distribution Function (CDF) is evaluated on collected throughput with Matlab software. Maximum Likelihood Estimator (MLE) technique is used to identify the maximum MLE log-likelihood which characterized as best fitted CDF distribution. Normal, Lognormal, Exponential and Weibull CDF fitted on throughput are presented. Among the four distributions, CDF Weibull is identified as the best traffic characteristic based on MLE maximum log-likelihood. Day7 is identified as best fitted that presents fitted 2-parameter Weibull which is Scale α =641.04 and Shape β =1.36 and fitted 3-parameter Weibull which is Scale α =551.76, Shape β =1.15 and threshold θ=63. Detail characteristics on day 7 and day 1 are presented and taken as benchmark model for future traffic algorithm.These results are valuable on modeling future tele-traffic engineering algorithm like policing, shaping, scheduling or queue which is based in real IP-based campus network environment. It is also useful for future prediction of tele-traffic models

Virtual Routing and Forwarding-lite Traffic Management over Multi-protocol Layer Switching-Virtual Private Network

Quality of Services in Multi-protocol layer switching for Virtual Private Network (MPLS-VPN) is one of important matter today. These networks experienced an increase of bandwidth size for enterprises LAN which are faster than the increased of bandwidth at WAN link. Thus, line speed is disparity and bottleneck is occurred at the link between WAN and LAN due to the unparalleled increase of bandwidth between these links. This paper presents a study of MPLS-VPN architecture and how to encounter the congestions problem by simulating traffic management on the path diversity and load balance using VRF-lite technique at enterprises MPLS-VPN. A test bed is set up and real enterprise MPLS-VPN network for traffic management is simulated. VRF-Lite traffic management is applied at identified two WAN headquarters and three branch network. WAN and LAN link is identified on primary and secondary network link. VRF-lite is used to overcome the bottle neck at the Branch WAN-LAN link and also to fully utilize all available links at the other sites. Adaptive traffic management is set where if it is identified that other link is not congested than traffic will pass through the link. Result presents analyzed of throughput and bandwidth utilization percentage on all identified links using ftp and http applications. Successful results present that all links at HQ and Branch is being utilized and the congestion at the Branch WAN-LAN link is avoided

A Comparative Analysis of Packet Fragmentation with MPLS Unicast IP Routing and OSPF in an IP-based Network

Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) is acknowledged and widely used to overcome drawbacks in traditional Internet Protocol (IP) routing. This paper presents network performance on the effect of packet fragmentation over IP and MPLS networks. Performance analysis on Windows XP is evaluated which tested in an environment using GNS3 which emulates on real environment telecommunication network. Network performance observed on Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) with and without MPLS label implementation accompanied by combination of different data sizes and different Maximum Transfer Units (MTUs). Round-Trip-Time (RTT) is calculated on throughput and packet loss. Results present an analysis performance on different protocols, data sizes and produced MTUs. OSPF provides better RTT and throughput compared to MPLS with default MTU setting. Better RTT and calculated throughput performance is obtained by increasing the MTU for interface, IP and MPLS. RTT for MPLS is slightly higher due to the introduction of label to each packet send. Packet loss behavior is similar in both OSPF and MPLS which more visible when fragmentation happened. This study concludes that upon packet fragmentation, performances are degrade

Video Traffic Modeling using Kolmogorov Smirnov Analysis in Broadband Network

Video Traffic utilization is one of the major issues for Quality of Service (QoS) for network traffic especially in broadband network. Most network administrators are looking at providing best QoS and reliable traffic performances especially on video traffic. Analysis on recent trend and modeling video traffic activity is a crucial task in providing better bandwidth usage. This research presents an analysis on video network traffic in a Broadband Network in Malaysia. Real data from a telecommunications service company based for Business and Home network are collected. Traffic characterization is analyzed and new traffic parameters and model are presented. Goodness of fit (GoF) and Kolmogorov Smirnov (KS) test is used to fit the real traffic in getting the best Traffic distribution model. Results present four top video used in the network traffic which are You Tube, MPEG, TV on Streamyx and Dailymotion using standard video protocol. Fitted traffics presents Pareto model is best fitted on video traffic. Generalized Pareto (GP) with Empirical Cumulative Distribution function (CDF) distribution is identified as the best distribution model. The fitted Generalized Pareto model was identified based on lower Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) value and higher probability value (p-value). Test statistics for four particular distribution results at 5% level significance. GP characterization presents three important parameters which are shape, scale and location. A new mathematical formulation is derived based on control parameters gathered for future rate limiting algorithm

Bandwidth Control Algorithm on YouTube Video Traffic in Broadband Network

This paper presents an analysis of YouTube video traffic and fitted to best distribution traffic model to control bandwidth usage in a broadband network. The study scope comprised of collections of inbound YouTube video traffic for 7 days with the time-interval of each day is 3 hours. The broadband network is supported at 10Gbps line speed to Wide Area Network (WAN). The objective of this research is to characterize YouTube video traffic on broadband network, to fit the original traffic to best traffic model and bandwidth control algorithm called Policing and Shaping is developed based on time based threshold for 0.5Gbps at night and 1.0Gbps in day time. Performance shows the bandwidth controlled as bandwidth save, reduced traffic burst and processing time. Results present benefits of the developed algorithms where enhancement in processing time is 25.25% and the bandwidth is saved about 7.1668Mbps with Policing algorithms. Shaping algorithm process presents performance of processing time is increased up to 55.26% and the bandwidth is saved for about 25.548Mbps. Results also present best Cumulative Distribution Functions (CDF) traffic model using Maximum Likelihood Estimator (MLE) technique four best traffic models is identified which are Extreme Value, Weibull, Normal and Rician traffic model. Among the four, Weibull shown as the best fitted model that presents value of MLE=-1178.4 with the Scale α=9.49411e+08 and Shape β=2.81324 for 2 parameters traffic modeling. Research benefits in the development of design algorithm for Network Quality of Services (QoS) especially for bandwidth control and performance

Systematic review of sustainable design approach for mosque

As one of the prominent public spaces for the community, Mosque is considered one of the high energy consumption buildings. Many modern mosques are designed and built without respecting the contextual environment, resulting in a non-environmental friendly Mosque. In Malaysia, the operating cost of mosques is majorly relying on public funds, and statistically are high specifically for electricity usage. Due to the use of air conditioners in cooling down the huge prayer hall due to the non-environmental design consideration. Hence, it is crucial to justify sustainable design approaches in mosques to develop environmentally friendly mosques. On the other side, the environmentally friendly mosque design is important as one of the monumental Islamic symbols that shall manifest Islam's values and philosophies towards the benefits of 'Alam' (world). The main objective of this study is to analyze the principles of Islamic methods in attaining the attributes of sustainable mosque design. It systematically reviews the existing publications to discover the concepts, definitions, and issues regarding the sustainable design approaches for Mosque. Based on the conducted reviews, sustainable design strategies for mosques are suggested at the end of this paper. The Mosque can use some renewable technologies to save energy and be concerned about the climate condition of its design. Furthermore, it can also use sustainable materials, use natural ventilation and daylighting to provide good indoor air quality and be concerned about the social life of Muslim religious activities